Israel's Materialist Militarism Yagil Levy Israel's Materialist Militarism examines the decade of fluctuations in Israel's military policies: From the peace period of the Oslo Accords to the al-Aqsa Intifada, when the military's use of excessive force led to the collapse of the Palestinian Authority, and then on to the Second Lebanon War of 2006, which reversed the moderating tendencies of the withdrawal from Gaza a year earlier. These dynamics of escalation and de-escalation are explained in terms of materialist militarism, the exchange between social groups' military sacrifice and their social rewards, which in turn increases or decreases the level of militarism in society. Levy thus lays down a theoretical framework vital to tracing the fluctuating levels of militarism in Israel and elsewhere. Israel's' Materialist Militarism is recommended for those interested in the Arab-Israeli conflict and military-society relations in general. Yagil Levy is external associate professor, Department of Public Policy and Administration at Ben-Gurion University at the Negev.