Orientalism and Islam: European Thinkers on Oriental Despotism in the Middle East and India Michael Curtis Through a historical analysis of the theme of Oriental Despotism, Michael Curtis reveals the complex positive and negative interaction between Europe and the Orient. The book also criticizes the misconception that the Orient was the constant victim of Western imperialism and the view that Westerners cannot comment objectively on Eastern and Muslim societies. The book views the European concept of Oriental despotism as based not on arbitrary prejudicial observation, but rather on perceptions of real behavior and processes in Eastern systems of government. Curtis considers how the concept developed and was expressed in the context of Western political thought and intellectual history and of changing realities in the Middle East and India. The book includes a discussion of the observations of Western travelers in Muslim countries and analysis of the reflections of seven major thinkers: Montesquieu, Edmund Burke, Tocqueville, James and John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, and Max Weber. Michael Curtis is a Distinguished Professor Emeritus of political science at Rutgers University. He is the author of approximately thirty books, most notably Verdict on Vichy (2004),Three Against the Third Republic (1959), Totalitarianism (1979) and Antisemitism in the Contemporary World (1973). For many years, he was the president of American Professors for Peace in the Middle East and editor of the Middle East Review